The Consequences of Prohibition Essay - 1493 Words

A short introduction A lot of things happened in 1920 Ââ€" USA was one of the victors in the first World War, and had a good period. Soon that was changed and USA suffered from many things, the great crash, prohibition and gang wars. But not only bad things happened Ââ€" there was also the new deal, new cultures, new poets and writers. The thing i want to write about is prohibition, that was a really big deal Ââ€" lots of books have been written about this subject, why it happened, which consequences it had and so on. And that is the same thing that i want to write about. So the question is, why did it happen, and which consequences did it have, and did it have any†¦show more content†¦After the civil war (1861-1865) the Womans Christian Temperance Union was founded. They did not promote moderation or temperance but rather prohibition. Later the Prohibition party was founded in 1867, and as the name indicates it was for prohibition. The party succeeded in getting many communities and states to outlaw producing intoxicating beverages and their greatest success was in 1919. Why did it happen? As i told the prohibition party had their greatest success in 1919, where they succeeded in passing the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution. This Amendment actually outlawed production, sale, transportation, import and export of alcohol. It was only legal when used for religious purposes. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. And that was what established prohibition in United States. The consequences of prohibition The prohibition really didShow MoreRelatedUnintended Consequences of Prohibition1537 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The law of unintended consequences is what happens when a simple system tries to regulate a complex system. The political system is simple; it operates with limited information (rational ignorance), short time horizons, low feedback, and poor and misaligned incentives. Society in contrast is a complex, evolving, high-feedback, incentive-driven system. When a simple system tries to regulate a complex system you often get unintended consequences.† (1) Before the prohibition of alcohol existed inRead MoreThe Consequences of Prohibition Essay580 Words   |  3 PagesThe Consequences of Prohibition On the midnight of 28th October 1919, importing, exporting, transporting, selling and manufacturing of intoxicating liquor came to a halt in America. Possessing substances above the 0.5% alcohol limit was illegal. This was Prohibition. This Eighteenth Amendment was meant to have reduced the consumption level, consequently to have reduced death rates, poverty and principally crime, in the USA. Yet this had quite the opposite effect. TheRead MoreCauses and Consequences of Alcohol Prohibition1399 Words   |  6 PagesProhibition and other substance bans have a long history in the United States dating back to the late 19th century. Cohen (2006) believed the root cause for drug-prohibition movement, including alcohol, derives from race. In the era of mass US immigration, Chinese, Mexicans, Black Africans, and European denominations, posed a democratic threat to White â€Å"native† Americans. White Racial fears amplified the moral problem of drug use to the Protestant Church by associating drugs with individual racialRead MoreThe Inintended Consequences of Alcohol Prohibition in The Unite States in the 1920s1680 Words   |  7 Pageswords) What were the unintended consequences of alcohol prohibition in the United States in the 1920’s? In this investigation, the focus will be on the time frame 1920 to 1933, from when the 18th amendment was passed to when alcohol prohibition was repealed. The pros and cons of national prohibition of alcohol in the aspects of health, financial, and social results will be weighed. This will be done through the interpretation of statistics from before and after prohibition, insights of those who livedRead MoreProhibition, A Film By Ken Burns1050 Words   |  5 PagesAbate Hlth 30 September 30, 2017 Prohibition, A film by Ken Burns – Part 2 Point 1 - Low consensus on an issue (or a law like Prohibition) means ‘enforcement is going to be difficult. To enforce an unpopular law – significant ‘resources need to be committed to the enforcement effort (e.g., regulation surveillance, violation arrests, court enforcement, etc.) How did this play itself out in the case of Alcohol Prohibition? It might be said regarding prohibition that much of America was in favorRead MoreIdentification And Evaluation Of Sources1315 Words   |  6 Pageswill explore the question: What were the causes that lead to Prohibition s failure in the United States? This investigation will follow the years 1893 through 1933 to analyze the reasons for Prohibition s failure as well as a shift away from Prohibition. The Prohibition era in the United States is most notably remembered for its inability to sober up the nation. According to Mark Thornton, a historian from Cato Institute, prohibition had some initial success but ultimately led to an increaseRead MoreThe Prohibition Of Marijuana And The United States1559 Words   |  7 Pagesillegal ever since, until recent years when states began legalizing it (huffpost.com). Although many people believe that the reason behind the prohibition of cannabis was based on genuine concern for the possible consequences it may have on the well-being of people if it remained accessible to all, the truth is that the drive behind the U.S.’s prohibition of cannabis was founded on racism. During the early 1900’s cannabis was considered an â€Å"ethnic drug† due to the fact that many Mexican immigrantsRead MoreNo Prohibitions, No Problem? Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pagesratification, the Eighteenth Amendment was repealed in December of 1933 w hen the Twenty First Amendment was ratified. In the short time Prohibition was a national law, the United States underwent a profound transformation. Most people in favor of Prohibition believed that passing the Eighteenth Amendment and laws like it would boost several flailing industries. Prohibition caused many industries to decline, showed the deep seeded corruption of government officials and law enforcement, and generated a crimeRead MoreThe Balloon Effect : A Metaphor That Compares Traditional Drug Prohibition1567 Words   |  7 Pagesa metaphor that compares traditional drug prohibition, interdiction, and eradication tactics as the equivalent of trying to squash a balloon without adequate force. Rather than succumb to the weight of the effort, the balloon will simply squash into other directions outside of the location where direct force is being applied. The fact that the drug market in the United States remains robust regardless of various domestic and international drug p rohibition, interdiction, and eradication policies andRead MoreMedical Marijuana Laws and their Effects1556 Words   |  7 Pages Medical Marijuana Laws and their Effects In 1936, George Herliman produced the propaganda film â€Å"Tell Your Children†, later titled â€Å"Reefer Madness†(â€Å"IMBD†, 1990-2014). This film, financed by a church group to display the exaggerated consequences of marijuana usage, was intended to inspire fear in parents and children alike. Though marijuana legalization has become a front burner topic, one would assume that our technological advances would invoke more rational responses from the

Love or Fame Which is More Important Free Essays

The issue regarding which is more important, love and family ties or fame and political power are issues that are always present in every generation. Well, which is really more important that we should devote our lives in search for the more important thing? Is blood really thicker than water? It is a subjective topic in which persons have different experiences and stand about the subject matter. This paper aims to answer this question by referring to three different epic plays: Oedipus the King and Antigone by Sophocles, and Aeneid by Virgil. We will write a custom essay sample on Love or Fame: Which is More Important? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is also important to look at the values and actions displayed by the characters of the stories and to analyze whether they are still applicable in our contemporary time. In the story of Antigone, Haemon must choose between her love for Antigone and the fame and political power that await him if he obeys his father. Now Haemon is facing a dilemma because of the conflict between his love and his father. The same choice goes for Antigone for she wants to give her brother the honor of being buried in the right way. However, doing so would mean that she must disobey King Creon’s order. Disobeying the king does not only take the opportunity to be the princess by marrying the king’s son, Haemon, but her own life as well. But Antigone and Haemon decided to follow their hearts. In the end, Antigone killed herself. Knowing that his love is death, Haemon also decided to end his life. Thus, their value for their love ones cost them their own lives. However, they still gain the respect and sympathy of the people of Thebes. It can be said that the actions of Antigone and Haemon are not applicable in our present time. Although there are several movies that portray the same idea, this rarely happen in reality. It is a very rare case in which lovers decided to end their lives since it is impossible for them to be together. They can be considered as martyrs rather than heroes because of the act. Antigone also displays the kind of courage and determination that is greatly needed in our society today. Although she is a woman, she defies the odds and even the king for what she believes is right. Adding to the fact that she lives in the period when woman are considered inferior to man. This kind of courage is really needed by the present generation. Not only woman but men as well that have the courage to stand up and are willing to sacrifice their own lives in order to make a change. Today, although woman are accepted by our society and are ‘said’ to be equal to men, there are still some times that they are afraid to speak out and fight for their rights. Also both men and women are sometimes afraid to question some of the things that they find unjust in the society. They are afraid to face the consequences and are unwilling to make a change to improve social order. This characteristic is really needed in our society today, the courage to fight for what is right even if the whole society is against us. If only there are those like Antigone that are willing to give it all in order to make a change, I’m sure that our society will be a better place to live. On the other hand, King Creon cannot consider himself victorious. His persistence and determination to exercise his power over the people of Thebes had a considerably great cost. Not only had he lost the sympathy of the people of Thebes and the approval of the gods but the life of his son and wife as well. His authority blinded him and the result is loosing the persons that he values the most. If our present leaders will demonstrate the same reason and behavior like that of King Creon, the people will surely revolt and take their powers and authority away and give it to someone more deserving and just. The people will surely not tolerate such actions. In the Aeneid, Dido falls in love with Aeneas. They live together that makes Dido thinks that they are really husbands and wives. However, due to Aeneas vision of building a great city, he left Dido. Thus, Dido killed herself using Aeneas own sword. This action by Dido can also be considered as inappropriate in our time. Having that wealth and power is what everyone wants and throwing it all away together with your life is a very foolish thing to do. The same thing also goes for Aeneas, staying beside Dido ensures that a good future awaits him. No one would dare to exchange a wealthy living to a future that is unknown especially putting his or her own life on the line. But Aeneas is in search of greater glory and power. He pursues his desire to build a strong city. Indeed, he was able to build a great city and fulfill his destiny. He was a successful warrior, leader and founder and was able to fulfill a great vision. Still, things had not been easy for him. He also lost some of his love ones including his beloved wife and father. On the story of Oedipus, Oedipus chooses love over power. Although his known father Polybus is the King of Corinth, Oedipus decided to ran away from Corinth, sacrificing his title as the prince and the opportunity to be the future king. The fear of killing his father and marrying his mother had been the basis of his actions. In order to protect the people that he loves and to thwart the destiny that had been foretold about him, Oedipus lost everything that can be considered of great value, the easy and good life that he has in Corinth. In the end, he blinded himself and left Thebes without anything because of the words that he had given and as a punishment for all that he had done.   T oday, such punishment is not applicable and no one will also have the courage to do such thing. There are so many ways in which you can pay the wrong things that you had done and doing something like what Oedipus did is something unimaginable.   Death would be more acceptable than to suffer in the same way like Oedipus suffers. In the case of Queen Jocasta and King Creon, no one would abandon his or her child because of a prophecy. Abandoning a child at an early age is a very terrible thing to do. Yes there are times that we consult things like tarot reading, fortune telling an the likes in search for the answers to our questions about the future, but these visions are never considered as the primary basis of making decisions especially when life is involve. The respect given by the characters to the members of their family is also needed in the contemporary time. Today, youths are said to be losing respect especially to their parents whom they owe everything. Respect is a very important component of building a strong family ties. Also, respect for the authorities is needed in building a strong nation. Conflicts and wars arise because of the lost of respect to those who have the authority and to the right of every individual to live a peaceful life. In the three stories, those who value their family and love ones so much ended up in misfortune. The same thing goes for those who wanted to protect and achieve power. Thus, to search for love and for power both have negative consequences. To pursue love means to put your own life in the line and to face several hardships, to pursue power means to endanger the lives of the persons that you love and be left alone. Whether to choose love and family over fame and political power is really a big decision. You cannot have the best of both worlds. To pursue love means to let go of powers and fame and vise versa. Also we cannot really determine which is important, whether to choose love and family ties over fame and power depends upon the situation. What is important is that we do not only consider our own benefit in making the right decision. Also the stories show that to pursue love and power is not wrong, however living your life to attain just one of them is sure to cost you a lot. In making a decision we should both consider the heart and as well as the mind in order to come up with the right decision. Reference GradeSaver LLC,. (2007). The Aeneid. Retrieved December 8, 2007 from http://www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/aeneid/fullsumm.html GradeSaver LLC,. (2007). Oedipus the King. Retrieved December 8, 2007 from http://www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/oedipus/section3.html GradeSaver LLC,. (2007). Antigone. Retrieved December 8, 2007 from http://www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/antigone/section3.html          How to cite Love or Fame: Which is More Important?, Essay examples

Is Obesity a disease

Question: Is Obesity a disease? Answer: Anwar Mostafawy Elizabeth Smith English 101 30, March, 2015 The United States is the second most obese industrialized country in the world (ProCon). Obesity is common nowadays for children and young people all around the world. I would like to talk more about it. My target audience in this paper is the children and their parents. I would like to focus on the obesity of children. My thesis are definition of obesity, facts about obesity, Pro is obesity a disease, Con of obesity is a disease, Childhood obesity, and personal experience. Many people are affected by obesity and not aware of it (OAC). Obesity is a condition that is associated with having an excess of body fat, defined by genetic environmental factors that are difficult to control when dieting (OAC). Obesity is having body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater (OAC). BMI is a tool used to measure obesity (OAC). Obesity increases the risk of having disease such as diabetes, insomnia, and hypertension (OAC). There are two ways to measure the obesity, which is the BMI, and waist circumference. BMI is measured by dividing persons weight in kilogram by the height in meter squared (OAC). Waist circumference is less common method used for calculation (OAC). To find the waist circumference, one must wrap a tape measure around the area above the hip bone and below the rib cage (OAC). There are many causes of obesity such as behaviour, environment, and genetics (OAC). Behaviour is habit related to choose food and be unhealthy (OAC). Environment can impact the lifestyle and health decision (OAC). People now focus on taking more care rather than walking (OAC). Genetics can cause certain disorders which result in obesity (OAC). Im agreeing with this issue that obesity is a disease, and there are many reasons. First, Obesity meets with definition of diseases which was laid in 2013 by the American Medical Association. It identified three criteria to define disease: firstly, "an impairment of the normal functioning of some aspect of the body;" second "characteristic signs and symptoms;" and third "harm or morbidity" (ProCo). The obesity causes impairment and increases the harm, so it matches the definition of American Medical Associative. Scott Kahan, MD, MPH, Director of the National Centre for Weight and Wellness and Preventative Medicine Physician at Johns Hopkins University, stated obesity satisfies all the definitions and criteria of what a disease and medical condition is... The one difference is that people who have obesity have to wear their disease on the outside" (ProCon). On June 18, 2013, the American Medical Association recognized obesity as "a disease requiring a range of medical interventions to advance obesity treatment and prevention" (ProCon). The second reason is obesity is like other disease since it impairs the normal functioning of the body. For example people who are obese, have fat that causes the overproduction of leptin (ProCon). Obesity can impair normal mobility and range of motion in knees and hips, and obese patients make up 33% of all joint replacement operations (ProCon). Obesity is also linked to reproductive impairment, contributing to sexual dysfunction in sexes, infertility and risk of miscarriage in women, and lower sperm counts in men (ProCon). The third reason is that the obesity decreases a person's life expectancy and can cause death, like other diseases (ProCon). It can decrease 3 years from adult life, and 10 years for others (ProCon). There are 300,000 deaths per year from obesity (ProCon). People who are obese have a 50-100% increased risk of death from all causes (ProCon). There are many people will not agree me, because they think the disease is a preventable risk factor for other diseases and conditions, and is not a disease itself (ProCon). Also, The Obesity is a side effect not disease (ProCon). The obesity is result of eating too much (ProCon). Obese people live long and Obesity is the result of sedentary lifestyles (ProCon). The Children are the most important part to talk about. They are getting a lot of overweight from fast food or from their parents habits. The parents now dont seek to have healthy food in their house because of different reasons such as the time or maybe healthy food is expensive to be bought. So the children have also changed their food habits. They buy fast food rather than waiting for her/ his mother to cook for them after she finishes her job. Fast food has made the children change their habit of eating. They like fast food more than vegetables or fruits. The second reason of having obese children is the TV and social media, and Screen time. It is a major factor contributing to childhood obesity (Children, Adolescents, Obesity, and the Media). It makes them sit in front of the screen, rather than having physical activities (Children, Adolescents, Obesity, and the Media). From the TV they can see the advertising of unhealthy food and it impacts the childrens ability to make health y food choices. Also, it increases snacking behaviour while watching TV (Children, Adolescents, Obesity, and the Media). There are myths and truths about weight problem and obesity in children (Weight Problems and Obesity in Children). First Myth is the Childhood obesity is genetic, so theres nothing you can do about it, but the truth is that -while a persons genes do influence weight, they are only one small part of the equation. Although some children are more prone to gaining weight than others, that doesnt mean theyre destined for weight problems. Most kids can maintain a healthy weight if they eat right and exercise (Weight Problems and Obesity in Children). The second myth is Children who are obese or overweight should be put on a diet, but the truth is - Unless directed by your childs doctor otherwise, the treatment for childhood obesity is not weight loss. The goal should be to slow or stop weight gain, allowing your child to grow into his or her ideal weight (Weight Problems and Obesity in Children). The third myth is its just baby fat. Children will outgrow the weight, but the truth is Childh ood obesity doesnt always lead to obesity in adulthood, but it does raise the risks dramatically. The majority of children who are overweight at any time during the preschool or elementary school are still overweight as they enter their teens. Most kids do not outgrow the problem (Weight Problems and Obesity in Children). The best solution is to educate the children about their health and teaching them what to eat, like telling them the names of vegetables or fruits and to know the value of eating them (Weight Problems and Obesity in Children). Also, The parents should cook healthy food in front of them and tell them why its good for them (Weight Problems and Obesity in Children). Involvement in sports that they love as a daily exercise can also help them fight obesity (Weight Problems and Obesity in Children). Kids must avoid the TV and computers in their free time and should be encouraged to make better things rather than sitting in front of screens (Weight Problems and Obesity in Children). From my experience of my sister, who is 21 years old, I have learnt so many things. She has been overweight from a long time. Due to her obese body she had a lot of health problems in her life. She had problems while breathing when she slept and it had been dangerous for her. Also, when she got married she got too late to carry baby because she had problems with her overweight. All the doctors told her that if she loses her weight she would be able to conceive faster. So from the obesity she couldnt have a child like any women has normal weight. All her health problem is from her overweight, and the solution is to lose weight, so thats why I believe the obesity is a disease, because a lot of obese people have health problem from their heavy weight such as hard to move, heart problem, blood pressure, and other problem that they face from their overweight. Even if other people have healthy body and they have disease they have other reason from their disease. Eating snacks and lunches in the school atmosphere is an extensive concern in creating improved dietary patterns for children and lessening the rate of youth obesity. A few of my own answers and concerns comprise: * Having solid nibble rules of what not to carry to class (no pop, flakes and confectionaries). * Provision of a microwave in the breakout area to empower more mixed bag alongside more generous hot snacks. * kids who consume excessively little for the duration of the daytime frequently snack unreasonably subsequent to school. This prompts eating a smaller amount or being a critical having at supper. Additional eating later on at night is inexorable. This adds firmly to the expanded level of obesity in youngsters * Making post-school snacks lighter, for example, soups, vegetable plate and plunges, leafy foods, to fight off appetite until supper is perfect. * Planning games and exercises more or less near the dinner time, for the majority of families, is hard to dodge and will trade off having supper as a family. Being imaginative in planning suppers ahead of time and attempting to eat prior might be a choice. In case the family has the capacity to organize having supper collectively as a family, then one can deal with the post-school nibble decisions and support play or outside exercises, the rate of youth obesity would altogether drop (nhs.uk). It begins in our houses, followed by the general stores, followed by the eateries, and into the schools. We should provide our children an awesome begins and as father mother, attempt to start with the rules you think will give a sound and healthy environment in house (nhs.uk). Children like chocolate and other sweet food, we dont have to stop them from eating those, but we need to have weekly limit of eating these (Weight Problems and Obesity in Children). The parents should keep snacks small, and limit the juice and soda (Weight Problems and Obesity in Children). They can put a bowl of fruits as a snack, and have different types of healthy stuff such as having frozen fruits, smoothies, and mix it with yogurt (Weight Problems and Obesity in Children). That is the best way to love healthy food and to help kids change their food habits. Conclusively, I believe that any of the diseases is not a choice for us, but the obesity is our choice. We should think about our healthy body, and have good food habits for us. I hope the parents be more aware and having the control about their childrens food and try as much as they can to have healthy body and food. There are a lot of healthy restaurants they can pick for their children rather than fast food. Because of the time the parents dont have time to cook at home, so they have good and bad choices outside. Ultimately, this is their choice what to eat. I hope to see decrease in number of obese people in next few years, and We should educate the parents who have bad food habits with their children if we encounter them. We need to change children food habits to have a better and healthier nation. Work Cited. 1-"Obesity ProCon.org." ProCon org Headlines. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Mar. 2015. 2-"Obesity Action Coalition What Is Obesity?" Obesity Action Coalition What Is Obesity Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015. 3-"Weight Problems and Obesity in Children." Weight Problems Obesity in Children: Helping Your Child Reach and Maintain a Healthy Weight. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2015. 4-"Children, Adolescents, Obesity, and the Media." Children, Adolescents, Obesity, and the Media. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 M 5- Obesity, 2015 extracted from www.nhs.uk/conditions/Obesity/Pages/Introduction.aspx assessed on 30th April 2015.

Motivation and Stress in the Workplace an Example of the Topic Career by

Motivation and Stress in the Workplace When one thinks of stress, there is an immediate negative connotation to the word. However, there are select times when stress is seen in another light. To put explain the point, Theodore Roosevelt once said, "Nothing in the world is worth having or worth doing unless it means effort, pain, difficulty" (Quote DB). Though not many realize it, stress may actually be a means of motivation. Need essay sample on "Motivation and Stress in the Workplace" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Undergraduates Frequently Tell Us: Who wants to write assignment for me? Specialists advise: Professionals Are Creating Successful College Custom Essays! If one is not motivated to perform, it would be fair to assume that one would not produce as much output in either skill or goods, as compared to one who is motivated. There is a certain degree of pressure or stress that would motivate an employee. Three theories may explain motivation, the first being Traditional Theory X, which is mostly attributed to Sigmund Freud and is most commonly known as the "stick and carrot" concept. This concept mostly views people to be motivated by rewards or would like to avoid punishment. Another theory is Theory Y by Douglas McGregor which plays on his belief that a person works for self-improvement and does not rely so much on salary or benefits as one would think (Accel-Team). Last, is Theory Z by Maslow, in which his most well-known work, his hierarchy of needs, is in focus. Maslow's hierarchy of needs plays upon the idea that people are motivated to meet certain needs, and when one is stable for a certain level of needs, one would naturally work out the next level in search of fulfillment (Romando, 2007). With all theories, one thing stays the same - one is pressured to meet a goal, be it for a reward, self-development, or to meet a certain level of needs for fulfillment. When met with stress in work, personally, it is better to stop first, avoid further strain and to try another approach to the situation. In the future, an effective technique may be to consider what the rewards and consequences are in the situation, how the situation would aid in self-development, and consider what needs it would fulfill. References: Accel-Team (n.d.) Employee Motivation: Theory and practice. Retrieved May 23, 2010, from http://www.accel-team.com/motivation/index.html Quote DB (n.d.) Theodore Roosevelt. Retrieved May 23, 2010, from http://www.quotedb.com/quotes/1254 Romando, R. (2007, January 8). Motivation Theory. Retrieved May 23, 2010, from http://ezinearticles.com/?Motivation- Theory&id=410700

Evidence for the Safety and Efficacy of Metal

Evidence for the Safety and Efficacy of Metal Introduction The development of joint replacement surgery was a major milestone in orthopedic surgery. Hip replacement is often the only viable solution for patients with advanced joint deterioration. Total hip arthroplasty is usually the last recourse for patients whose condition cannot be resolved clinically.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Evidence for the Safety and Efficacy of Metal-on-Metal Hip Prosthesis: Sufficient or Insufficient? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Successful hip replacement usually leads to a better quality of life for the patient, due to the elimination of pain, and restoration of mobility. In addition, hip replacement improves the overall functioning of the body. The most common medical condition that can lead to the need for hip replacement is osteoarthritis. Other conditions include inflammatory arthritis, fracture, dysplasia, and malignancy. The use of Metal-on-Metal hip repla cement implants arose from the need to have durable implants. Metals also offered biomedical engineers a wide range of possibilities when designing Metal-on-Metal hip implants. Apart from durability, biomedical engineers could treat metals to make them inert, and to make them withstand corrosion better that most materials. Materials and Design There are two types of Metal-on-Metal hip replacement systems. The first type is the total hip replacement system. Total hip replacement involves the substitution of the hipbone and the hip joint with a metallic system as shown in Figure 1 below. The second type of hip implant is used in cases where the hipbone is not very damaged, by where the hip joint has deteriorated. In this case, a replacement hip joint substitutes the lining of the hip joint in the place of worn out cartilage as shown in Figure 1 below. Four main types of hip replacements are available to patients. The first type is the Metal-on-Plastic implant. Usually, this type of i mplant is made using a polyethylene socket, while the bearing is made from cobalt-chrome alloy. The second type of hip implant is the Metal-on-Metal implant made from cobalt-chromium alloy, titanium alloy, or sometimes stainless steel.Figure 1: Metal-on-Metal Hip Implant SystemsAdvertising Looking for critical writing on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third type of implant is the Ceramic-on-Ceramic implant. This type of implant has the best durability because of the resistant nature of ceramics. The debris produced as the joint wears is also not toxic to the human body. The fourth type of implant is the Ceramic-on-Polyethylene implant. This type combines the qualities of the two materials to produce a very durable implant. Table 1 below compares devices from different manufacturers Name of Device Manufacturer Market Status Reasons ASR XL Acetabular system DePuy Recalled 2010 High 5-year fa ilure rate of 13% R3 Acetabular system Smith and Nephew Orthopaedics Recalled 2012 Studies showed problems with metal liners in systems Rejuvenate ABG II metal hip stems Stryker Recalled 2012 Multiple failures including dislocation and pain Acetabular Component (Durom Cup) Zimmer Durom Recalled 2008 Voluntary recall by company citing low skill levels among surgeons Table 1: Device Comparison Clinical Safety and Efficacy A team of researchers at the Joint Replacement Institute of the Orthopedic Hospital in Los Angeles conducted a study to investigate the performance of Metal-on-Metal hip replacement implants. The study was titled â€Å"Metal-on-Metal Hybrid Surface Arthroplasty: Two to Six-Year Follow-up Study†. It was published by Amstutz et al. in 2004 in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. The researchers studied the performance of 400 Metal-on-Metal hip replacements in 355 patients who had undergone arthroplasty after an average of three and a half years. The r eviews were done three months after the arthroplasty, and then annually for a period of three years. The findings from the study were as follows. First, the researchers found that most of the patients were able to resume active lifestyles after the arthroplasty, including participating in sporting activities. The level of activity of each patient dictated the rate of wear of the replacement joints. Out of the 400 hip arthroplasty procedures, twelve (3%) required total replacement after four years due to loosening of the femoral component, or due to neck fractures on the femoral component. The main risk factors associated with the degradation of the femoral component were large femoral heads, female gender, patient height, and small component size in male patients.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Evidence for the Safety and Efficacy of Metal-on-Metal Hip Prosthesis: Sufficient or Insufficient? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The researchers concluded that in the overall sense, their review of the performance of Metal-on-Metal arthroplasty gave an encouraging picture. Secondly, the researchers concluded that optimal femoral preparation was a key success factor in hybrid Metal-on-Metal arthroplasty. In addition, optimal sizing of the replacement joint was also necessary for successful operation of a replacement hip. The researchers also concluded that replacing a Metal-on-Metal joint by a standard femoral component is easy to carry out. This research project supported the continued use of Metal-on-Metal hybrid joints based on their durability. The researchers failed to take into account the impact of the metallic debris on periprosthetic tissue. This shows that the researchers were biased towards the performance of the Metal-on-Metal hybrid joints at component level. Clarke et al. (2003) conducted research into the toxicological exposure to Chromium and Cobalt in patients who had unde rgone Metal-on-Metal hip arthroplasty. The researchers presented their findings in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery in an article titled, â€Å"Levels of Metal Ions after Small and Large Diameter Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasty†. The hypothesis of the project was that the production of arthroplasty debris would be less after resurfacing arthroplasty that after total hip arthroplasty. The patients chosen to participate in the research project were those who had undergone arthroplasty at least six months prior to the research. The inclusion criteria included having undergone either total hip arthroplasty or resurfacing arthroplasty. The exclusion criteria include the presence of other metallic prosthesis in the body with the exception of titanium. In addition, the researchers excluded patients with secondary exposure to cobalt or chromium. The researchers compared the levels of chromium and cobalt in two sets of 22 patients who had undergone resurfacing arthroplasty and th ose who has undergone total hip arthroplasty. The first finding was that patients who had undergone resurfacing arthroplasty had medium serum levels of cobalt and chromium of 38 nmol/l and 53 nmol/l.Advertising Looking for critical writing on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These levels were much greater than the levels found in those who had undergone total hip arthroplasty, which were 22 nmol/l and 19 nmol/l respectively. This notwithstanding, the researchers noted that these levels were significantly greater than the levels in patients without implants, which is typically 5 nmol/l. The researchers concluded that larger diameter implants result in greater exposure to cobalt and chromium. In addition, they concluded that patients have a higher level of metal ion concentrations after resurfacing arthroplasty compared to total hip arthroplasty. The main criticism about this research project was that it focused too much on the impacts of the metal debris arising from hip arthroplasty. A balanced view of the subject should have included a cost-benefit analysis aimed at finding out whether this condition was better than the prognosis arising from hip problems. This way, it would have been easier to decide whether the risks are worth taking. A study by rese archers in South Korea sought to establish whether metal hypersensitivity had a role in the onset of osteolysis after total hip arthroplasty. Park et al. (2005) conducted their research in the Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Dermatology, and Pathology in the Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, located at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, South Korea. They presented their findings in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery through an article titled, â€Å"Early Osteolysis Following Second-Generation Metal-on-Metal Hip Replacement†. The researchers wanted to investigate the possible role of metal hypersensitivity in the etiology of osteolysis. Their research was motivated by the increasing use of Metal-on-Metal components for hip arthroplasty as a replacement for metal-on-polyethylene components, especially on second-generation patients. The researchers studied 165 patients (169 hips) who had undergone total hip arthroplasty between 2000 and 2002. The researchers fo llowed the patients for a period of twenty-four months. After this period, the researchers found that nine patients had developed osteolytic lesions. The researchers then conducted skin patch tests for hypersensitivity on the nine patients, and in a control group of nine patients who did not have the lesions. The researchers also conducted further tests on two hips during replacement surgery. These tests included microbiological cultures, histopathologic examinations, and immunohistochemical analysis on the two hips. The results obtained by the researchers showed that the patients who had developed osteolytic lesions had a higher hypersensitivity reaction to cobalt compared to their cohort. The two hips that underwent further tests showed no signs of metallic staining. There was however a high concentration of lymphocytes in the periprosthetic region. The researchers failed to find a way of telling apart natural sensitivity to Cobalt from acquired hypersentivity. This leaves the res earch findings open to interpretation because there is no proof adduced to the heightened levels of cobalt in the bodies of patients. In the same way, the researchers failed to find out whether Metal-on-Metal prosthesis has anything to do with osteolysis. This reduces the overall efficacy of the report. A research project conducted in the Departments of Orthopedics and Pathology, at the Klinikum der Universitt Gà ¶ttingen in Gà ¶ttingen, Germany sought to find out whether there is evidence to support the presence of an immunological reaction in patients who undergo a successive arthroplasty using Metal-on-Metal implants. The findings of the research project by Willart et al. (2005) were presented in the article titled â€Å"Metal-on-Metal Bearings and Hypersensitivity in Patients with Artificial Hip Joints†. The initial observation by the researchers that triggered the research process was that the some patients experienced a recurrence of preoperative symptoms after underg oing a second-generation total hip arthroplasty. Ideally, the surgery should have alleviated the entire range of symptoms related to aging prosthesis. In this regard, the researchers developed the project to find out why there was little or no change in patients who underwent arthroplasty involving second-generation Metal-on-Metal prosthesis. The researchers collected clinical data and examined periprosthetic tissue from nineteen patients who underwent arthroplasty in participating clinics. The sample was chosen on a consecutive basis as an application of random sampling. Out of the nineteen patients, fourteen patients received alumina-ceramic or metal-on-polyethylene implant. Five patients received second-generation Metal-on-Metal total joint replacement. The researchers used immunihistochemical methods to test the periprosthetic samples. They also used histological methods to test the samples. The main findings that the researchers reported were that the patients who underwent Met al-on-Metal total hip replacement had a recurrence of the preoperative symptoms characterized by an immunological reaction. The evidence adduced to support an immunological reaction was the presence of T and B lymphocyte cells in the periprosthetic region. In addition, immunohistochemical tests showed that the immunological reactions were ongoing as at the time of the test. This project made very important findings in regards to the impact of metallic debris arising from Metal-on-Metal prosthesis. The researchers did not provide a conclusive proposal on how to deal with the issues. This leaves the readers with task of deciding what to do about the prosthesis. Good research reports need to take into account the likely range of actions. Fisher et al. (2004) conducted a simulated experiment on the performance of surface engineered prosthesis to find out whether it is possible to reduce the rate to wear on metal-to-metal prosthesis. The researchers used a simulator to mimic the operatin g conditions of a Metal-on-Metal prosthesis. Lower rates of wear and tear associated with Metal-on-Metal prosthesis compared to other types of implants inspired the researchers. Metal-on-Metal prostheses have much lower wear rates compared to polyethylene prostheses. However, the researchers were aware that the levels of toxicity of the residue associated with Metal-on-Metal prostheses were higher that the levels associated with residue from other materials. Therefore, they identified the need for Metal-on-Metal prostheses with lower wear rates to eliminate or reduce the toxicity associated with metallic residue. The stated goals of the project were to investigate the wear, wear debris, and ion release of fully coated surface engineered Metal-on-Metal bearings for hip prostheses. The researchers used the Leeds Mark II physiological hip joint simulator operating at 1 Hz to conduct the wear experiments. This enabled them to collect the debris from the exercise. The test units were fiv e types of surface engineered prosthesis. The researchers also subjected conventional Metal-on-Metal prostheses to the simulator tests to develop a comparison. They found that the surface engineered bearings had a wear rate that was at least 18 times lower than traditional prosthesis after one million cycles and 36 times lower after five million cycles. The differences were calculated by measuring the debris levels and ion concentration in the lubricants. The debris levels and ion concentration in the lubricants were much lower when the experiments were done using surface engineered prostheses. The experiment by Fisher shows that it is possible to reduce the wear rate of metallic prostheses. Theoretically, this should reduce the problems associated with high serum concentration of metallic ions in patients with Metal-on-Metal prosthesis. However, the researchers failed to find out whether better surface engineering can reduce the problems associated with immunological responses espe cially in periprosthetic tissue. Conclusion This review shows that in the period prior to 2005, there was increasing concern regarding the use of Metal-on-Metal implants because of the immunological reactions caused by hypersensitivity to high ion concentration. In addition, the long-term impact of high ion concentration is unknown. Surface engineering can help resolve these fears. Reference List Amstutz, HC, Beaule, PE, Dorey, FJ, LeDuff, MJ, Campbell, PA Gruen, TA 2004, Metal-on-Metal Hybrid Surface Arthroplasty: Two to Six-Year Follow-up Study, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, vol 86, no. 1, pp. 28-39. Bohle, P Quinlan, M 2000, Managing Occupational Health and Safety: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Macmillan Educational AU, South Yarra. Clarke, MT, Lee, PT, Arora, A Villar, RN 2003, Levels of Metal Ions after Small- and Large Diameter Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasty, The Journal of Joint and Bone Surgery, vol 85, no. 6, pp. 913-917. FDA 2013, Medical Devices: Metal-on-Met al Hip Implants. Web. Fisher, J, Hu, XQ, Stewart, TD, Williams, S, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Stone, MH, Davies, C, Hatto, P, Bolton, J, Riley, M, Hardaker, C, Issac, G Berry, G 2004, Wear of Surface Engineered Metal-on-Metal Hip Prostheses, Journal of Material Science: Materials in Medicine, vol 15, no. 1, pp. 225-235. Park, Y-S, Moon, Y-W, Lim, S-J, Yang, J-M, Ahn, G Choi, Y-L 2005, Early Osteolysis Following Second-Generation Metal-on-Metal Hip Replacement, Journal of Joint and Bone Surgery, vol 87, no. 7, pp. 1515-1521. Singh, JA 2011, Epidemiology of Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review, Open Orthopaedics Journal, vol 5, no. 1, pp. 80-85. Willart, H-G, Buchhorn, GH, Fayyazi, A, Flury, R, Windler, M, Koster, G Lohmann, CH 2005, Metal-on-Metal Bearings and Hypersensitivity in Patients with Artificial Hip Joints, Journal of Joint and Hip Surgery, vol 87, no. 1, pp. 28-36.

Java Declaration Statement Definition

Java Declaration Statement Definition One kind of Java statement is a declaration statement, which is  used to declare a variable by specifying its data type and name. Below are some examples of declaration statements. A variable, in relation to Java programming, is a container that holds values used in a Java program. Instead of defining a value over and over, a variable that has a value attached to it can be defined. Since variables must be given an initial starting value, you can see how that works in the examples on this page. Examples of Declarations in Java The following three declaration statements declare int, boolean and String variables: int number; boolean isFinished; String welcomeMessage; In addition to the data type and name, a declaration statement can initialize the variable with a value: int number 10; boolean isFinished false; String welcomeMessage Hello!; Its also possible to declare more than one variable of the same data type in one declaration statement: int number, anotherNumber, yetAnotherNumber; boolean isFinished false, isAlmostFinished true; String welcomeMessage Hello!, farewellMessage; The variables number, anotherNumber, and yetAnotherNumber all have int data types. The two boolean variables isFinished and isAlmostFinished are declared with initial values of false and true respectively. Finally, the String variable welcomeMessage is assigned the String value of Hello!, while the variable farewellMessage is simply declared as a String. There are also control flow statements in Java as well as expression statements.

Top-down model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Top-down model - Essay Example Each of these layers will be discussed keeping in mind the example of Intertex Corporation and its processes (Turban, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2004). Firstly Business Layer is this level of the top – down approach, Intertex Corporation requires to work on the basic areas of the business which include the strategic business plans, process reengineering, and also the identification of the major business functions, processes and opportunities (Goldman & Rawles, 2004). These basically include the need to focus on areas like the need for the networking within the organization and also implementation of WAN and LAN which helps standardizing the overall processes. Applications Layer: is the second step which involves using the WAN and LAN to pass on all information more simply to all employees within the company and to use this as an excellent opportunity to identify the needs for all information and knowledge within the company (Goldman & Rawles, 2004). Here this can be used to also essential information from the headquarters both locally as well as to the remote locations as well. Data Layer is the third step and this section is also an essential part of the approach. Here factors like the database analysis and design are looked into along with other areas for the organization which include the Data modeling, Data distribution analysis and also aspects of Client/server architecture design (Goldman & Rawles, 2004). In the case of companies for instance Intertex this is an important stage and this forms the major part of the overall top down approach. This stage is essential in the overall determination of requirements for the Top down approach and this area focuses on all data collection and distribution for the business needs and information. Network Layer as explained by Goldman and Rawles 2004 deals with, a) Network analysis and design, b) Logical network design (what), c) Network implementation planning, d) Network

Textiles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Textiles - Essay Example The fabric is heavier and thicker compared to most other fabrics. The thickness and weight is depending on some issues such as the novel yarn used. The thick structure and heavy weight of the fabric are caused by the fact that the novel yarn used for the fabric has a different structure and form which in most cases includes multithreads used for the yarn (Sekhri, 2012). The texture of the fabric is rough, unlike most other fabrics which are smoother. It is however not very rough, while the degree or roughness may depend on the individual fabric and based in the novelty yarn used. As stated, the yarn used for the fabric is the novelty yarn which comes in different structures and types. There are a number of novelty yarns with different structures and designs. These include the ply yarn, the Core, Eyelash, Bouclà © Ribbon, Chenille, Crepe yarns. Each type of yarn is based on a different The structure of the novelty fabric is complex and according to the India Textile Journal (2014), this comes from the fact that the yarn used many have a number of threads made into one. The multiply yarn for instance has three then sewn into one and this makes the fabric to have a differed structure. The ply yarn, named so die to its three plies of threads, ahs these threads, each thread having this purpose such as offering strength, design and merging (Strong, 1953). This gives the fabric a novelty form of structure. The beauty of the fabric emanates from the structure which is a raised structure with a rough feel. Ironing this garment would press the fabric and this would reduce its beauty and the rough feel texture. Hand wishing the fabric would be best as this would protect the good quality of the fabric. The fabric can also be machine-washed but with gentle tumbling. If the fabric has to be machine-washed, then gentle cycle would be better to avoid destroying the fabric structure. The fabric is a little delicate due to its special textural features. Tumble drying would

Law Case Digest Essay Example for Free

Law Case Digest Essay In 1977, four loans from Allied Banking Corporation which is enclosed by four promissory notes amounting P100, 000 each was acquired by Elias Q. Tan, then President of Lapu-lapu Foundation, Inc. The bank was inhibited to file with the Regional Trial Court of Cebu City, Branch 15, a protest in looking for payment by Tan and the foundation, jointly and solely, of the sum of P493, 566. 61 representing their attorney’s fees and costs, loan obligation, penalty charges, exclusive of interests. For the reason that as of January 23, 1979, Tan and the foundation were not able to pay the whole obligation with a total of P493, 566.61 and regardless of the demands made on them by the Bank. The foundation denied of acquiring the indebtedness from the Bank as their answer to the complaint. They said that the loans were obtained by Tan in his personal capacity, for his own use and benefit and on the strength of the personal information he provided the Bank. The Foundation upheld that it never gave Tan authorization to co-sign in his place as its President any promissory note and that the Bank is fully aware that the loans contracted were made in Tan’s personal capacity and for his own personal use and benefit and that the Foundation never benefitted, directly or indirectly in any way or manner, thereof. The Foundation then interjected a cross-claim against Tan declaring that he, going beyond his authority, should be solely liable for the said loans, and a counterclaim against the Bank for damages and attorney’s fees. For Tan’s part, he admitted that he committed the loans from the Bank in his personal capacity. The parties, however, agreed that the loans were to be paid from the proceeds of Tan’s shares of common stocks in the Lapu-Lapu Industries Corporation which is a real estate firm. The loans were covered by promissory notes which were automatically rekindled every year at an amount which includes the unpaid interest, until the time that Tan would be able to pay the same amount from the proceeds of his abovementioned shares. According to Tan, the employee of the Bank required him to attach two signatures on every promissory note, giving him guarantee that the loan documents would be filled out in accordance with their agreement. Yet, after he signed and delivered the loan documents to the Bank, these were filled out not in accord with their agreement, wherein the Foundation was included as party. Further, previous to its filling of the complaint, the Bank made no claim on him. After the trial, the court handed over judgment. First, obliged Tan and the Foundation to pay jointly and solely to the Bank the principal obligation for the four promissory notes in the amount of P 493, 566.61 which includes all their charges included in the same, with 14% interest per annum, computed from January 24, 1979 until the same are fully paid, with an additional 2% service charges and 1% monthly penalty charges. Second, the court obliged Tan and the Foundation to pay jointly and solely, attorney’s fees in the equivalent amount of 25% of the total amount due from them on the promissory notes, including all charges and lastly, both Tan and the Foundation are obliged to pay jointly and solely proceedings expenses of P 1,000.00 plus costs of the suit. The CA supported with modification the judgment of the court by deleting the award of attorney’s fees in the favor of the Bank so that there will be no bias. The petition for review on certiorari was filed by Tan an d the Foundation. ISSUE: 1. Whether Tan and the foundation should be held jointly and solely liable. 2. Whether the foundation gave Tan an apparent authority to deal with the Bank. RULING: 1. As it is in the doctrine of corporate entity, the court did not make a mistake in holding Tan and the Foundation jointly and solely liable. Given these circumstances Tan representing himself as the President of Lapu-Lapu Foundation Inc., Tan opening a savings account and a current account in the name of the corporation, signing the application form as well as the necessary sample signature cards twice for himself and the Foundation, and Tan submitting a notarized Secretary’s Certificate from the corporation, attesting that he has been authorized to sign for and in behalf of the Lapu-Lapu Foundation any and all checks, drafts or other orders with respect to the Bank; to perform business with the Bank, negotiate loans, agreement, obligations, promissory notes and other commercial documents; and to initially acquire a loan of P100, 000.00 from any bank – Tan and the Foundation cannot hide under the corporate veil. Because of the transactions Tan entered on the behalf o f the Foundation, the Foundation is deemed liable. 2. According to the Secretary’s Certificate, Tan, the President, was given supposed and clear authority by the Foundation to, among other things, deal with the Bank. For that reason, the Foundation is prohibited from questioning the authority of Tan to attain the subject loans from the respondent Bank. Since it is a known doctrine that if a corporation knowingly allows one of its officers, or any other agents, to act within the scope of a noticeable authority, and holds him out to the public as someone who holds the power to do those acts, the corporation is prohibited from denying the agent’s authority.

My Hope for Tomorrow’s Schools :: Education Teaching Classroom Learning Essays

My Hope for Tomorrow’s Schools I believe schools should help students develop their value systems, if indeed these values are of God. I am a born again Christian believer of the gospel of Jesus Christ; therefore, my values are based upon the good, the true, and the beautiful which comes from the gospel of Jesus Christ. Our society is based on a number of fundamental values; values derived from biblical truths. These truths are our highest pattern of virtue. I believe we, as teachers, have a certain degree of power to stop the moral disintegration of our society, by helping students develop biblical and Godly values. Teachers have the opportunity to instill a desire for these values within our students, yet still bear in mind that these students have a choice as to whether they want to accept these values as their own. Perhaps if Christian values remained within our school systems, the Columbine shootings as well as other school shootings, would never have happened. Today’s children are faced with an extremely challenging social environment. Therefore, I believe that adults must demonstrate to young people that it is possible to live one’s values and to advocate for a more just and responsible society. It is of the utmost importance that teachers be positive moral models and to administer character education to our children, so that we may help them understand, through experience, that what they value matters and that living their virtue lends meaning and richness to their own lives. I also believe that students need knowledge of their social, political, and economic world, and that character education will motivate them to participate in social change in order to create a more just society. Social change needs to take place in certain areas. Issues such as discrimination and bigotry can strangle an otherwise workable society. If every one of us would strive to live our lives as God has commanded, not suggested, then there would be no place in our society for discrimination and bigotry. The world literally stands or falls on mankind’s actions- each of us possessing a potential for a strategic significance to maximize the impact of good. Mankind has a high position, but no one should think themselves to be more worthy or more important than anyone else. One of the tragedies of prejudice is that it may separate one from a potential source of help.

Purpose of a Literature Review Essay

Purpose of a Literature Review – to identify what has already been done/found, in relation to the research topic that is being studied and answers the question of what needs to happen next. – provide a brief overview of research you’ve read. – Demonstrate that you understand the topic and have significant knowledge within the field of study and then make a case. – Making a case may be an analysis of research, study, or conceptual argument. – Also, be sure to include a persuasive argument. – At the end of a literature review you should identify a gap or misinterpretation within the information (identify and explore the gap). My approach to writing this literature review was somewhat similar to the writing of a â€Å"regular† essay. I’ve used this approach in past assignments I’ve completed including such as a narrative and an annotated bibliography. They all have similar characteristics. Thank goodness for this! It gives me an idea of where to start. I believe these common characteristics are the main subject of the piece of writing and evidence/textuality of your point from other readings. Textuality is using pieces of writing from other works to support your points.  Beware, though these essays may serve as a guide, they also have many differences. – What should you do next? *Ponders* – Information! Information! Information! Be resourceful, support your claims, justify your answers. – It is important that you do this in the correct way. – My greatest advice would be to ask your professor for a peer review guide and use it as you write. This will ensure that your writing is clear, organized, flowing, and well-written. If you feel as though you cannot do this for yourself, I’d suggest having someone else read your literature review aloud. Dailyn’s essential steps to writing a literature review; these are my own ideas so I have no proof if they actually worked until I recieve feedback. I’m hoping I pulled this one together. How do you approach literature reviews? Good luck, and until next time. Take care. Literature Reviews What this handout is about This handout will explain what a literature review is and offer insights into the form and construction of a literature review in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences. Introduction OK.  You’ve got to write a literature review. You dust off a novel and a book of poetry, settle down in your chair, and get ready to issue a â€Å"thumbs up† or â€Å"thumbs down† as you leaf through the pages. â€Å"Literature review† done. Right? Wrong! The â€Å"literature† of a literature review refers to any collection of materials on a topic, not necessarily the great literary texts of the world. â€Å"Literature† could be anything from a set of government pamphlets on British colonial methods in Africa to scholarly articles on the treatment of a torn ACL. And a review does not necessarily mean that your reader wants you to give your personal opinion on whether or not you liked these sources. What is a literature review, then? A literature review discusses published information in a particular subject area, and sometimes information in a particular subject area within a certain time period. A literature review can be just a simple summary of the sources, but it usually has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis. A summary is a recap of the important information of the source, but a synthesis is a re-organization, or a reshuffling, of that information. It might give a new interpretation of old material or combine new with old interpretations. Or it might trace the intellectual progression of the field, including major debates. And depending on the situation, the literature review may evaluate the sources and advise the reader on the most pertinent or relevant. But how is a literature review different from an academic research paper? The main focus of an academic research paper is to develop a new argument, and a research paper will contain a literature review as one of its parts. In a research paper, you use the literature as a foundation and as support for a new insight that you contribute. The focus of a literature review, however, is to summarize and synthesize the arguments and ideas of others without adding new contributions. Why do we write literature reviews? Literature reviews provide you with a handy guide to a particular topic. If you have limited time to conduct research, literature reviews can give you an overview or act as a stepping stone. For professionals, they are useful reports that keep them up to date with what is current in the field. For scholars, the depth and breadth of the literature review emphasizes the credibility of the writer in his or her field. Literature reviews also provide a solid background for a research paper’s investigation. Comprehensive knowledge of the literature of the field is essential to most research papers. Who writes these things, anyway? Literature reviews are written occasionally in the humanities, but mostly in the sciences and social sciences; in experiment and lab reports, they constitute a section of the paper. Sometimes a literature review is written as a paper in itself.

The Who

The Who is considered one of the most powerful rock bands of the 21st century. They started their band in London, England. The Who formed in 1964. They sold over 100 million records worldwide. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990. The Who can also be known as The Detours or The High Numbers.Band MembersThe Who developed from an earlier group called The Detours. From there they established their band as a part of the pop art and mod movements. The founding members of The Who were Roger Daltrey, Pete Townshend, John Entwistle and Keith Moon. Daltrey was the lead singer, Townshend was a guitarist and singer, Entwistle was a bass guitarist, and Moon was a drummer. All of the band members grew up around London. Daltrey had a hard time fitting in at school and discovered rock and roll. He founded the Detours in 1959. Townshend's parents were very supportive of him since his dad played the saxophone and his mother had sung the entertainment division during World War II. Just like Townshend, Entwistle also liked rock and roll. He started to play the guitar but since he had large fingers, it was hard for him to play it.Early careerAfter the Detours became the Who, many things changed. Sandom left the band since he wasn't getting along with Townshend. After that, they didn't talk for many years. During a gig at Oldfield, the Who met Keith Moon. Townshend accidentally broke his guitar on stage and he was angered by the audiences laugh. This made him crush the guitar on stage but he picked up another one and continued to play. The next week when the band played again, the audience wanted to see a repeat of what Townshend did. This is how auto-destructive art became part of the Who's live shows.SuccessesThe Who had many successes. Their first single, â€Å"I Can't Explain† reached the UK top ten. Their next single called â€Å"My Generation† was released in October. Although it was originally supposed to be written as a slow blues Entwistle played a bass solo in it. In the end, it turned out to be a very powerful song. The Who's most successful solo release was a Daltrey solo album. Daltrey was a very good singer, but he also found success in acting. The Who also became the first rock and roll act to play Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. Their fourth album, 1969's rock opera Tommy, was a commercial success.Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and AchievementsThe Who was inducted into the hall of fame in 1990. They even have a featured collection in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame museum which includes a drumhead from 1968. The Who also made it into the UK Music Hall of Fame. They had seven of their albums appear on Rolling Stone's 500 greatest albums which were in 2003. That made the Who have more than any other rock and roll band except four. The Beatles, Bob Dylan, the Rolling Stones, and Bruce Springsteen. The Who even held a world record for being the world's loudest rock and roll bands!End of Career and DeathOut of the four founding members of the Who, Moon and Entwistle both died. Moon died in 1978 because of a drug overdose. Townshend, Daltrey, and Entwistle released â€Å"Who Are You† shortly after his death. The song was based on Moon's death. Sadly, Entwistle died 24 years later in 2002. He had a heart attack at Hard Rock Hotel due to cocaine. This made plans for a new album delayed.ConclusionThe Who has changed many lives with their energetic performances. They have influenced many people. They have even influenced the pop-punk band Panic! At the Disco. The Who have continued to play as a band even after 54 years of being together. They have won many awards for their great recordings. The Who are a very talented band that won many awards.

User Engagement Metrics How to Apply Them to Boost Your SEO

User Engagement Metrics How to Apply Them to Boost Your SEO It feels great to rank on the first page of Google for your primary keywords. You get all the love with tons of organic traffic. Ranking on the first page is complicated, however. Brian Dean compiled a list of over 200 ranking factors  that Google uses.  If you’re serious about improving your search visibility, you need to find a way to attend to these factors. I know how challenging this can be. And not everyone is ready to put in the hard work. But what if I told  you that there’s a rather easier way to rank high in the organic results pages?  Would you be interested? No, I’m not going to teach you some blackhat techniques or a secret to hacking Google’s index. Can I be straight up with you? From my personal experience, I observed that the most credible way to improve search performance is by focusing on user engagement metrics.   From the chart below, you’ll notice that shares, engaged time, and comments are the core metrics  for measuring user engagement. Not backlinks or content length. If you play your cards right, you can reverse-engineer user engagement to rank higher, with or without any so-called powerful links. The guide below will show you how to do it. Download Your Free User Engagement Resource Bundle User engagement metrics are driven by strong content. Understanding those metrics requires strong knowledge of analytics tools. To help you apply the advice in this post, weve pulled together these free resources you can use: Five free Google Analytics Custom Reports that show when your social media and email content drive the most traffic to your site (in just a couple clicks). 2017 Content Calendar Template to help you schedule all your content for optimal engagement. Using Google Analytics to Create Smarter Content guide to help you create content readers want, based on real data. How to Apply Powerful User Engagement Metrics to Boost Your SEOWhy User Engagement Matters User engagement is determined by observing user’s behavior. What do they do after they land on your website? Where do they click? How much time do they spend on your website? Understanding user engagement metrics helps you see what works and what doesn’t work. It helps you see what users love on your website. It’s not just about content. Design matters, too. Why? Because great design creates a great first impression and gets better marketing results. According to The Design Council, through your design, you can increase brand visibility by 200%.   The same report also states that, "Shares in companies where design plays a critical role consistently outperform key stock market indicators by 200%," and that â€Å"for every $130 spent on design, businesses that are focused on design realized a $298 return.† Recommended Reading: How to Redesign Your Website (Like ) In 10+ Easy Steps How to Work With Designers With Authentic Advice From 's Designer How to Design the Best Blog Graphics With Free Tools and Design Theory For instance, consider bounce rate. If the bounce rate of a specific blog post is higher than the rest of the posts, this means your readers don't like it as much as they do the rest of the posts. To find the bounce rate for your posts and pages in Google Analytics, here’s that path to follow once you’re logged in: BEHAVIOR = Site Content = All Pages When the statistics load, you’ll see a column for the bounce rates: Similarly, if a post has exceptionally low bounce rate, it could mean that your audience is in love with it. All things being equal. I’m sure you’re asking, â€Å"but, what is a good bounce rate?† Well, the answer isn’t straightforward because we need to consider the industry, content quality, and so on. However, all hope isn’t lost yet. You can see the average bounce rate for different industries. Additionally, GoRocketFuel conducted an exclusive study  to determine what a good bounce rate is. According to their findings: â€Å"Most websites will see bounce rates fall somewhere between 26% and 70%. The average bounce rate for the websites in my sample set was 49%. The average bounce rate for all visits in the set was 45%. I threw out the outliers- the 1% bounce rates. The highest bounce rate was 90.2%; the low (from a properly functioning profile) was 27.33%. The low across all (including broken implementations) was 1.23%.† So when you find blog posts with a good bounce rate, replicate. Create similar posts that your readers will love again. Your chances of ranking higher in Google top pages are high, because Google appreciates  a web page with a low bounce rate. Recommended Reading: How to Create a Killer Content Strategy for Your New Blog The Ultimate Blog Writing Process to Create Killer Posts How to Promote Your Blog With 107 Content Promotion Tactics Determine What Users Are Doing On-site It’s high time you get to know what users are doing on your website. Neil Patel  identified five engagement factors that will affect influence your search engine rankings. These include: Traffic. This includes visitors from organic sources. Pageviews and bounce rate. Brand mentions. Mobile-responsive design. Technical SEO (structured for users). Other engagement metrics are: Clicks on internal and external links. Social shares. Scroll depth. Form submissions.Are you paying attention to these important user engagement signals?Note:  All of these metrics and factors don’t influence search rankings at the same time. Most website owners and SEOs find it hard to rank higher in Google when they try to manipulate search rankings. But the truth is, SEO  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ as daunting and complicated as it may seem – still boils down to one simple practice: provide value. The illustration below  shows that the more value you provide, the more of it you’ll get. Source: HubSpot Good #SEO boils down to one simple practice: providing value.According to Search Engine Watch, the correlation between user engagement metrics (i.e., time on site, bounce rate and average pages per visit) and search engine ranking reveals that not all the signals are equally important. These user engagement metrics can be accessed from Google Analytics. This will help you identify the best performing landing pages on your website. These engagement metrics are the results of user’s behavior while on your website. To see these metrics in your Google Analytics account go to: Acquisition - All Traffic - Channels When you’ve identified your best performing landing pages, you need to install a heat map script  so that you can study the user behavior properly. To find your best performing landing pages, follow this path in Google Analytics: Behavior = Site Content = Landing Pages Here's how to find your best-performing landing pages using Google Analytics:Use Heatmaps to Understand Vantage Positioning A heat map tool like Crazy Egg  can show you the exact sections of your website that users are clicking and why? It uses mouse-tracking to determine scroll and clicks. To fully understand what users do on your website, where they click, how deep they scroll, and what they don’t like, you have to use heatmaps- it gives you better insights about users. Source: Piktochart For instance, you saw five pages in Google Analytics with below average bounce rates. At that point, you should ask yourself, â€Å"why do people like these pages more than other pages on the same website?† Do they like the video? Or the infographic? Or the GIFs or something else? This is where a heat map tool gets the job done. You can determine the following using a heat map: How users move their mouse on any given page. Do they move their mouse on the title and images? A click map shows where users click on the page. Are they clicking the new video that you just created? Scroll maps show how deep users scroll. It’s one of the best user engagement metrics that show the point users exit the page. This makes it easier to adjust the length of your page. For a demonstration of CrazyEgg and how to use it to interpret your website data, see the Koozai Guide to Using CrazyEgg. This information,  alongside data from Google Analytics will help you identify the most interactive parts on the best-performing pages. When you’re armed with such insights about your users, it’s easy to create compelling content that will improve your search visibility. Based on Google Analytics and your heatmaps, you can determine what type of content is most suitable for your audience. Lim Cheng Soon  used heatmaps  to track the user behavior on Pair’s landing page (now rebranded as Couple). Here’s what  the homepage looked like  before: Now, see what their  heatmap revealed: The navigation bar at the top left was getting more clicks than the conversion button. It was a distraction. Though they were getting a decent traffic on the homepage, pageviews were counting, and everything was working fine. But they weren’t getting as many downloads as expected. So, Lim removed the navigation bar and conversion rate quickly increased by 12%. He also removed the ‘download for free’ text above the button and it increased conversion rate by an additional 10%. Create More Interactive Content If you want to increase user’s time on your website, you need to add more interaction to your content. You could add interactive infographics  to your post, or embed quizzes. However, there are two forms of interactive content  that truly boost engagement. These include: a).   Calculators: Integrating a simple calculator into your written content can improve your content’s perceived value and take your engagement to the roof. For example, SilkRoad, a HR software for Talent Management created a calculator  to show prospective clients they could become more productive and save with its employee onboarding automation solution. Within 3 months, the company saw an increase in lead generation and content engagement. You'll need to work with your development team to make something like this happen. However, the results are worth it. b).   Interactive video: Video marketing still works. Data from Convince and Convert  shows that audiences are 10x more likely to engage with video content. Sadly, they’re still a static medium, which means that you have a lot of opportunities right now to make your videos interactive. But how? In an interactive video, you’re giving viewers the opportunity to participate in your video as opposed to just viewing it. You could add interactive hotspots so that a viewer can click to learn more about the person, an event, or a topic. Some of the handy tools that you can use to create interactive videos are: Wirewax Thinglink RaptMedia Truth is, interactive videos can quickly improve your audience’s perception of your brand. Interactive videos can quickly improve your audience’s perception of your brand.According to Tom Whatley: â€Å"One of the best examples of interactive video I've seen is the Guardian's "Seven Digital Deadly Sins." In it, viewers can explore the stories of seven users of digital media and how it affects their lives. A 'burger menu' to the side adds to the user interface, and there are several "easter eggs" in the form of one-question surveys that show real-time stats.† Here's a quick look at it: Recommended Reading: How to Make a Video Content Marketing Strategy To Boost Your New Series How to Get Started With Twitter Video Marketing How to Do Facebook Video Marketing the Right Way When you’re looking to create more engagement on your page, adding more interactivity can help. But again, it comes after studying your users closely using tools. Statistics  show that interactive content converts better than passive content. In the study, interactive content converted more than 70% of buyers while the passive content only converted 36% of buyers. Two of the reasons why most people don’t build interaction into their content is because they don’t know what type of interactive content to create that users will love. This challenge can be solved using Google Analytics and heatmaps. What #interactive #content will your audience love? Find out with Google Analytics and @CrazyEgg:To get started, you can create different forms of interactive content with these tools: Qzzr: A simple tool for creating online quizzes for free. SnapApp: It’s a powerful content platform which allows you to turn static content (e.g., PDF document) into an interactive slide presentation). Mapme: Build interactive maps with videos, words, and photos. Infogr.am: Use this tool to create interactive infographics and charts. Once you start creating interactive content, your audience will start engaging with it at a better level. And because Google follows users, your web page will start to gain more visibility in the organic search. Don’t just create any type of content. But rather, make content marketing  decisions based on the feedback from your best-performing content which you found on Google Analytics. It must be based on what your audience is already engaging with. For instance, if feedback from analytics and heat maps reveal that infographics perform better than text. You'd then want to create more infographics to engage with your readers. Recommended Reading: How to Make an Infographic in 7 Easy Steps Craft Beneficial Headlines, Not Clickbait You can use user engagement metrics and insights from Google Analytics and heatmaps to write better headlines. Here’s how. Let’s assume that one of your best performing landing pages has this headline: 12 Smart Ways To Launch a Successful Online Course Then all things being equal, your readers are telling you that they prefer ‘number headlines.’ So, you’re expected to create more of them. If that’s the case, then your subsequent posts might read thus: 11 Product Launch Tools That I Use Every Time 7 Steps To Hack a Winning Product Idea 3 Must-Have Pricing Strategies You Should Adopt More importantly, you can get more clicks on your headlines if you make them beneficial. According to Brian Clark, 8 out of 10 people  will click on your headline. Real headlines that offer value is what you should craft for your interactive content. Clickbait headlines may seem to do the trick, but they will only cause search users to bounce the moment they land on your page and discover that you’ve tricked them. This is not what you want, right? Here are a few techniques to help you write headlines: Make them benefit-driven.  Clearly state the benefit that the readers will get from the content. Here are some examples of such headlines: 7 Ways To Get Your First 1,000 Email Subscribers Here’s another example from Neil Patel’s blog: Keep headlines descriptive. Inappropriate, ambiguous, and unclear headlines might send untargeted traffic to your page. Use A/B test  to prove your best headlines. Optimize headlines. Include a keyword in the headline that will help you drive traffic from search engines. Bonus Tip: Use 's free Headline Analyzer to make sure every headline you write is a winner. A killer headline combined with the content that your users and search engines have shown great interest in initially will rank exceptionally well in search engines. A killer headline + content your users want = search rankings.This type of content doesn’t need a lot of backlinks to rank. As long as users like the content, they’ll share it, and Google will naturally rank it. Maybe not on the first page right away, but as the user engagement increases, this page will climb to the top. More so, if users like it so much, they’ll link to it as well. So, you may not be out to build links, but you’ll earn them nonetheless. Recommended Reading: How to Write Awesome Social Media Headlines Your Audience Will Love How to Write Emotional Headlines That Get More Shares How to Write Headlines That Drive Traffic, Shares, and Search Results How Will You Use User Engagement Metrics to Create Better Content? Focusing on your users and what interests them is truly the best way to create content that ranks highly in Google organic pages. It may seem like a lot of work, and it’s true, but if you dare to listen to your audience more it becomes a lot easier to answer their questions.

Applying to the Ivy League: Everything You Need to Know

Applying to college is no simple task, no matter where you apply, but for students applying to the prestigious Ivy League, the challenge is even greater. With acceptance rates consistently dipping below 10% and college applicants on the rise, getting into the Ivy League is a goal that most can only dream about. At , we have coached hundreds of students towards their Ivy League acceptances. In fact, we even helped one amazing student gain acceptance to seven of them! But what’s success if we aren’t willing to share it? Here, we provide a home for our top Ivy League tips. To learn more about the Ivy League and how you can score an acceptance too, take a look at the resources below. The term Ivy League actually refers to a collegiate athletic conference composed of sports teams from eight private colleges and universities in the northeastern United States. Though the term officially refers to an athletic conference, it is more commonly used to refer to these same eight schools in other contexts. Ivy League schools are generally known for their academic excellence and their extreme selectivity in admissions. The eight Ivy League schools are: Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University. To learn more about some of these schools and what they’re all about, check out these posts: The Ivy League is exceptionally difficult to get into, especially by today’s increasingly selective college admissions standards. To learn more about the standards expected by the Ivy League, check out these posts about Ivy League students: Before you apply to any colleges, you’ll want to learn as much about them as possible. This can be through campus visits, interviews, college rankings, summer programs, or other avenues. To get started learning more about the Ivy League, have a look through these posts: Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. As is the case with any school you apply to, you’ll need to be sure that your high school classes and extracurriculars qualify you for acceptance. To learn how you can prepare for the Ivy League in high school, check out these posts: Although the overall trend in Ivy admissions places less emphasis on test scores than it did in previous years (thanks in large part to Harvard’s Making Caring Common initiative ), your scores are still important. To learn how they factor into Ivy League admissions, check out these posts: Are you college applications signed, sealed, and delivered? Now you wait. For many students this is the hardest part of the process. Waiting and receiving college decisions can be stressful. Here are some tips to help along the way: If you are a high school student interested in attending an Ivy League school, but you’re unsure if you have what it takes or you would like some help to ensure that you present the strongest application possible, consider ’ s Mentorship Program . This program provides practical advice on topics from college admissions to career aspirations, all from successful college students who have been in your shoes.

Question answering on linked data Research Paper

Question answering on linked data - Research Paper Example Two searches are available, Navigation Search and Research Search. In navigational search, the user accesses the search engine as a navigation instrument to navigate to a particular targeted document. Semantic Search is not used in navigational searches. In Research Searching, the user feeds the search engine with a phrase is proposed to symbolize an object about which the user attempts to gather information. Rather than PageRank algorithm in Google, Semantic Web Search uses semantics to create highly pertinent searching results. This Search method can be used to retrieve the information from the data resource like ontology. Ontology1 is a technology used to facilitate the field knowledge to improve the query time used in Semantic Question Answering system. Data linking systems apply some of the systems identified in order to interweave Web data described in RDF. The following analysis studies some systems performing both automated and semi-automated data linking. Aqua log is able to learn the users language in order to improve the knowledge by the time. The user’s learning method is good in a way that it uses ontology reasoning to study and learn more general patterns, which could then be use again for the questions with analogous context.2 In this system Linguistic Component (LC) is used to change the NL questions into Query-triple format and Relation Similarity Service (RSS). The data model is triple based like {Subject or Object} type. The presentation is based on accuracy, recall and also failure types are referred individually. Averages of about 64 % of consecutive answers are retrieved from ontology with closed environment. ORAKEL used for computing planned answers of user query. It processes based questions as rational query type and information is symbolized with F-Logic and onto broker form. This system is

W8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

W8 - Assignment Example The author further asserts that such profits disappear after the competitors copy the innovations. The system swallows up ideas and changes them into a well-digested fodder for everyday productivity. He therefore, calls the introducers of these changes entrepreneurs, the business trailblazers or risk takers. He also noted that competition always forced down the prices leading to the ultimate disappearance of profits. He describes entrepreneurs as talented specialists who differ from politicians or military leaders as the society treats them as social pariahs or upstarts. They, therefore, reside outside the limelight, fond of dynasties and are not motivated by riches or titles. As the economy grows to complexity, senior managers are faced with uncertainties. Frank Knight pointed out that risk and uncertainties are different. His thesis stated that entrepreneurs are better at peering into the improbability that does not mean that they are efficient since it can neither be observed nor quantified. His argument rested in uncertainty, not efficiency. Knight argues from an abstract concept of uncertainty. His theory could be improved by minimizing contracting and supervisory cost to create efficacy. Schumpeter’s driving force is his accolade to the talented few. Another intriguing possibility is that he imbued with elitist notions that have created this paradigm as a means of self-glorification. He sees himself as the swami of elitism. He begs the question of economics by reducing it to one quibble: Do economists merely compartmentalize the facts about life the way we know it, or they serve as visionaries? Is economic function analytical or predictive? He opted to lay out a vision for the future generations rather than being mundane with money matters. He produced a passionate interest in the captains of industries. Schumpeter’s argues that

In and Out of Hula Dancing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

In and Out of Hula Dancing - Coursework Example The research deals with the change in kind of tradition or heritage that accompanies dance hula or its form or course of presentation in the countries where missionaries and Mormon belief faded slowly. It also delves deep if hula dancing is associated in the present context only with any form of exercise or if the traditional element is still existent in the art form. The name ‘Hula Dance’ is associated with girls wearing a short grass skirt, moonlit night and coconut trees on a shore where the roaring waves strike the shore and dance to the beats of this mighty dance. But far beyond that hula dancing, its concept and its traditional outlook, is analogous to what Cohen said about dancing: â€Å"History shows the dancer his heritage, his place in a line of distinguished, artistic ancestors. It is a legacy to instill a sense of pride -and responsibility†. The contention put forwarded by Cohen describes the sense which captures the true essence of the art form. In recent times outlook about hula dancing have changed a lot. Every year thousands of tourists are visiting Hawaii get the privilege to watch â€Å"real Hawaiian hula dancing† through a packaged tour with a Luau setting or in their respective hotels where they are given a glimpse of the gigantic heritage. The introduction to hula dancing is made common now – a -days through numerous competitions taking place worldwide, precisely in Hawaii. Yet, hula is viewed to be beneficial and the dance form is marked for its exercise benefits. The question that rises in one’s mind is if hula dancing is only an exotic form of dance which will be used to allure the tourists. To understand any form of folk tradition or art, it becomes necessary to delve deep into the heritage and the traditional way of living. Hula dancing cannot be merely categorized into a form of folk d ance that is tantalized with certain movements especially the hip movements even though they are the most popular. The movements that has perpetually served to entertain millions across the globe and has become the archetype of exotic and exuberance, actually conveys a complete different connotation. The movements that are used in hula dancing are not only carried out just for the sake of it. Those movements bear meanings that need to be thoroughly contemplated. The movement of this traditional dance form are actually casted out to make an artistry that inspires passion and encourage a traditional way of living.  Ã‚  

The issues of change for GSK

The issues of change for GSK GlaxoSmithKline is the earth major produce of pharmaceutical company. GlaxoSmithKline is among the globe pinnacle five companies of pharmaceutical and apex twenty FT international five hundreds companies in the earth. The company trendy his career in one hundred sixteen countries and it overcomes one hundred sixteen countries market place. Beecham opens the worlds first manufacturing make frivolously for manufacture medicines. Since at the time the crowd has transitory from side to side among stage, but the position where road brushwood off another term come during the join into whole of company. There was a most important impact on the relating to the art, and their planning of the company according to this combines into a whole. The company promotes his single society. They progress their approach of course. (Beecham, 2000) The role of this change condition that has been select by artistic transform and placement union join of the RD department of the GlaxoSmithKline in 2000.The topic of change management of GlaxoSmithKline is reflect sincerely about the training of the company how to change and also build a group in arrange to makeup the gap between personal practice. According to the procedure of an institute the information is modify, and how the institute find, and form its numbers are the gladdest environment for the time that is still to come. in2001. The significance of behavior and the talent to change earnings, a extra prepositional concept that indicate in the floor column, because importance skill are after a shoot that is in use from relaxed of what is an society circumstances. The significance of change management in todays business surroundings is large. CHANGE SITUATION: The company was at danger not including change management from the extremely chase of pharmaceutical business. Thus with many government grant expiry due soon and the establish of original a smooth slowly roundabout column was a copy. The change management depends on the achievement of the use of existing part such as cells in commerce. The CEO of the company try to bring together the is an plan of life form large and small by separating the RD section into seven place of wonderful for medicine become alert of the position . The change can be separated as mean to do impressive change in life and give a complete report of something in words on the table. Inside change character of change Transformational change Adjust to a purpose Intend to do something changing in nature Version compulsory Transformational GLAXOSMITHKLINE STRATEGIC CHANGE SUTUATION In a way that correspond to separation of the RD, the change situation to the post-integration stage the company can also see as changing in environment is satisfied by the five vital type of transform of change that is given by CEO. The culture change is prevalent the department and, change acting grate roles of special group. In enriching change the management character was create a situation quite than just respond to it. The outside situation in which the company drives of the time of m union can also explain by the PESTEL study. (Emerald, 2004) (Handy, 1994) PESTEL examination: Expedient This is a element of a put to take out a study into a subject into the same example of one object with strength of global traffic by planet traffic group in China. In the 2005 the end of China public and some of the outstanding incomplete number of the low being extend amongst a great locale on poles parts into which something is separated. The course has conveniences of globalization for moral medicine manufacturer like GlaxoSmithKline. (Treasury, 2005) Inexpensive In 2004 the company has expected in universal pharmaceutical market raise  £275 billion, six percent of yearly sales over the subsequent five years in 2005. The significance of fitness of the company is an the control to involve someones achievement on the degree of things is not set by rules of selling and how is so much pay out money to buy on the detail of being essential purchase. This increase has assisted by small of detail that public who want to job cannot get them rise and go down the consciousness charge for much of the stage. The mention table that has been ready with the assist of information which in utilize from ONS. (Treasury, 2005) Year PDI Consumer expenditure Savings ratio Interest 2004 752 607 6% 4% 2002 703 649 5.3% 4% 2001 717 720 6.9% 4.9% 2003 721 664 5.5% 3.7% 2006 801 742 6.9% 4.5% In the table shows that the present sequence happening in the early on 1999; pointed in 2001 of UK industry and then saying its buck position in 2003. It can also be seeing from the phase chart that provide below the long term management financial policy. This is significance reports for the complete production UK as these cycles have less get in touch with on them at the present then facing. (Treasury, 2005) The fitness of nation is a consequence control on the large effects and how a large amount is used up on essential purchase. The trend in private throwaway returns has seen sturdy get higher of 14% in the time of 2002-2005. This expansion has been assist by short increase and attention charges so many cataracts behind of the stage. (Herald, 2005) Community: Nationalized Healthiness company has projected that healthcare pay out development will hang back exactly even plow up 2014, 7% increasing speed at all time. The progress of the chart in the healthcare can as well spend can for accurate drug company like to GlaxoSmithKline corporation. The people age 65 and have more than consisting of three thing of element. The UK study age have guess that by 2030, in one each 5 UK in style which age as 65 or more. (Herald, 2005) Technical: It is a subject that is operating in the built-up of copied sheet that are used in medical document. Important drive operating expenses are powerful the sentence of cover gear. Complex business crossways the ground has been muscle to move up the arraign of the company. (Treasury, 2005) Environmental: There has been a budding distress on the problem of mammal tough for the research-based pharmaceuticals. The company is utilizing nature to test new molecules and their feedback before set up them into investigational trial for human. The heaviness from the mammal correct activist has improved in the last combine of months on the companionship. (Herald, 2005) THE PROCESS OF CHANGE: The company is use European establishment for excellence Management reproduction to find out its concert in 2003. The progression has been use by the company to remoteness connecting their performances in some of change management. The change procedure has a cause on guidance, citizens, capital and development, which will also, depends on the outcome of customers and. management approach second-hand in each CEDD and the whole guidance manner during this change has been below weight so the management style should be wanted to be tainted from oppressive and independent job and people a situation impressive else. I have also brought or come to an end from the compress article about the change that scientists supposed that the subdivision was have authority in background. But as the division was separated into a instantly column makeup with dissimilar collection speak each extra the consequential background was a fraction that is alienated from the complete of vocation to be done civiliz ation. Scientists operational at the RD growth have report that these combination were limit army in they occupation as had financial statement standard during the pre-merger, period. Following the public report their enthusiasm level is very reduced for the change into cede in 2003. (Simmons,2003) THE PROCESS OF CULTURAL CHANGE: The progression of cultural changes of GlaxoSmithKline RD branch has emergency strategy. But what precisely does management occupation on to change a departments civilization. The potential give community meaning that it is tremendously immense in amount in a union; the easier said than done part is deciding which become involved in a situation in order to control are liable to have the most crash. The company has adopted a four step move towards the beginning of this change. This modification procedure has been a touch adapted from the power field study is proposed by to fit the change situation of this company. (Atkinson, 2005) THE DEMANDS FOR CHANGE: The demand of change is necessary for the change program. In categorize to take the idea of cultural change at the company a sense of importance was shaped to divide the RD subdivision into 7 organizations. Without RD department, the initiative gives the impression of being to go down below the liquid and other decided the order of importance of a number of tasks take the state of something before others in order and companies behavior does not change. The organizations have faced major problem in their operating environment, such a new participate enter in to the market. For example, in utilities, air and banking journey has been a main driver of change in many organizations global. The problems create a sense of urgency a investor picture a demanding part was complete by the group. The group defined the middle and which are not very important behavior stakeholders for this change and group them together to create a new development for every group. In case of successfully the change of the company helped by group. Some stakeholders for the modify can be tired on the following table: GlaxoSmithKline: Distributors Regulators Pressure groups Scientistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Core Stockholders Shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Core Stockholders Doctors Patients GlaxoSmithKline RD CHANGE MAJORS STOCKHOLDERS. The table shows that scientists and shareholders to be the central important part of something stakeholders in this change. (Atkinson, 2004,2005) CONSTRAINTS: The change from character of something of the RD department from a one unit towards seven smaller, independent power of the organization. In order to keep the group focused on the task, the balance between several different influences group, task and individual needs should be provide that is use for the first time in to bring something. Thy can also do it by having a relating Leadership style within each organization. Therefore the leadership style is a best set of clothes made of the fabric to succeed in dealing with a problem this constraint is able to bend easily without breaking. (Handy, 1993) EVALUATION: The content, context and process of the change management in the RD sector of the group during the post addition period of its combination can be evaluated by analyze the helpfulness, good organization and Economy of this change. The presentation of the RD section can be gauge by a relative examination of the company operation good organization. The statement of the then appointed CEO announced the basic role of the sharing out of RD section into Cedes was to increase the rate at which goods are produced of the subdivision as the organization had an empty a large pipe which is used for carrying oil at the time of merger. According to Data monitor the RD at the company is a statement of what is expected to happen in the future to make less than 5% of the total returns in 2007, weight the reduced economy of the change under contemplation. The organization spends  £ 2.1 billion in the change in the RD subdivision in years 2004. The companys spending on RD department increased by 3.8% in 2004. (Pettigrew, 1985) CONCLUSION: The process chose an option by GlaxoSmithKline under the light of outside market changes during a place where someone is on duty of two organizations into one combination of the organization can be seen as a good perform in the change management. The organization canister similarly is understood as one of the greatest preparation to be secondhand for benchmarking in the business because the cultural is a particular appearance were a pattern of sports on it and describe something with during the change. The discussion make something available for someone to use with the help of closely connected theories the change management at the company of division of RD department into give up power can be used as benchmark. The organization can also be seen as one of the fines perform for others in and be successful in dealing with a problem the industry. (Robert AJanes, 2000)